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Types of acne (pimples)
Let's consider the main types of acne, their characteristics and treatment recommendations.
Comedones. This is the initial stage of acne, which is a clogged pore. There are two types of comedones:
Open (blackheads): appear when the upper part of the pore is enlarged and oxidized sebum takes on a dark shade.
Closed (whiteheads): form when the pore remains closed and sebum accumulates under the skin.
Papules. These are inflammatory elements that look like red, slightly raised nodules without purulent contents. They are often painful to the touch and occur due to a rupture in the hair follicle wall.
Pustules. These are more pronounced inflammatory lesions containing pus. Pustules can be identified by a white head surrounded by redness.
Nodules and Cysts. These are deep inflammatory lesions that form as a result of severe damage to the hair follicle. Nodules are firm to the touch and can be painful, while cysts are softer and often filled with fluid. Both types require special attention and treatment by a specialist.
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As cosmetologist, MD, Professor Larisa Sergeevna Kruglova notes:
"Acne is a multifactorial disease, and for effective treatment, it is important to consider not only the type of breakouts, but also their causes. Specialized cosmetics in combination with properly selected drugs can significantly improve the condition of the skin."
Each type of acne requires its own approach to treatment. Comedones and papules can most often be controlled with proper cleansing and the use of topical products. Pustules and nodules require more aggressive treatment, including systemic medications and consultation with a dermatologist.
Red and Whiteheads on the Face
Red and whiteheads on the face are two of the most common types of breakouts experienced by people with problem skin. Although they often appear together, their causes and treatment approaches can vary significantly.
Red pimples are inflamed lesions that usually occur as a result of an infection or inflammatory process in the skin. They can be painful and are often accompanied by redness and swelling. Whiteheads, in turn, are closed comedones that form when pores become clogged with sebum and dead skin cells.
The Difference Between Red and Whiteheads
| Appearance | Causes | Rate of Development | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red | Raised above the skin's surface, have a reddish tint, and are often accompanied by inflammation. | Inflammation of the sebaceous gland caused by bacterial overgrowth. | Often develops slowly, with a gradual increase in inflammation. |
| Whiteheads | Small, round, with a white dot visible under the skin. | Clogged pores without infection. | Appears quickly, but can persist for a long time without changes. |
Understanding these differences allows you to choose the right skin care routine and minimize the effects of both red and whiteheads.
Acne Stages
Acne is a skin condition that develops in stages. Understanding the stages of its development helps you properly assess your skin's condition and choose the appropriate care. Depending on the depth and extent of skin damage, acne goes through several stages, each of which has its own characteristics.
Clogged pores (comedones).The process begins with the accumulation of sebum and dead skin cells in the pores. If the pores remain open, blackheads (open comedones) are formed. If the pores are blocked by the skin on top, whiteheads (closed comedones) appear.
Inflammation (papules and pustules). At the next stage, clogged pores can become infected with bacteria, which leads to inflammation. Papules are inflamed, raised areas of skin without purulent contents. Pustules, unlike papules, contain pus and can be painful.
Complication of inflammation (nodules and cysts). If left untreated or with improper care, inflammation can penetrate deeper into the skin, forming nodules and cysts. These elements are characterized by large size, painfulness, and often leave scars after healing.
At each stage of acne development, it is important to adjust care and treatment to prevent the transition to more severe forms of the disease. For example, during the comedone stage, the emphasis is on cleansing the skin and preventing clogged pores, while during inflammation, it's important to incorporate anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents.
"For comedonal acne, adapalene, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, specialized dermocosmetics containing zinc, niacinamide, plant components, sulfur, prebiotics, and peels are recommended. For moderate papulopustular acne, combinations of topical agents are recommended: a retinoid, benzoyl peroxide, and an antibiotic. Severe forms require systemic therapy, most often isotretinoin."
Causes of acne
Acne is a multifactorial condition influenced by various internal and external causes.
Hormonal changes. This is one of the most common causes of acne, especially during adolescence, during pregnancy, or with hormonal imbalances. Hormones such as androgens stimulate increased sebum production, which leads to clogged pores.
Genetic predisposition. Heredity plays a significant role. If your parents have had acne, there's a good chance their children will too.
Improper skin care. Using the wrong cosmetics, over-cleansing, or, conversely, poor hygiene can contribute to the development of acne. It's important to choose dermatologically tested cosmetics that are suitable for your skin type.
Diet and lifestyle. A diet rich in sugar and fatty foods, lack of sleep, and constant stress can worsen skin conditions and contribute to breakouts.
External irritants. Environmental factors such as air pollution and exposure to certain chemicals can irritate the skin and increase inflammation.
These factors can act either individually or in combination, making acne management quite challenging.
Peculiarities of Acne-Prone Skin Care
Caring for acne-prone skin requires special attention and the right approach. The main goal is to reduce inflammation, prevent clogged pores, and maintain healthy skin. Here are some basic recommendations to help you in your daily skincare routine.
1. Cleansing.
Daily gentle cleansing of the skin is the first and most important step. Use gentle cleansers that remove excess sebum, impurities, and makeup without disturbing the skin's protective barrier. Cleansing twice a day will help prevent dirt and oil from building up in your pores.
2. Care
Using a toner. Toners containing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory ingredients will help tighten pores and prepare your skin for subsequent care. It is important to choose alcohol-free toners to avoid overdrying the skin.
Applying a moisturizer. Despite common misconception, acne-prone skin needs hydration. Use lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizers that help maintain the skin's moisture balance without the risk of clogging pores.
Acne prevention. Special products containing active ingredients such as salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, or azelaic acid effectively fight inflammation and help reduce the number of pimples. Apply them topically or all over the face, depending on your dermatologist's recommendations.
Sun protection. UV rays can worsen inflammation and cause hyperpigmentation. Using sunscreens with a light texture and a high SPF will protect the skin without overloading it.
Regular and proper care of acne-prone skin helps not only cope with existing breakouts but also prevent new ones. A comprehensive approach, including proper cleansing, moisturizing, and treatment, will help maintain healthy skin and minimize the effects of acne.
"It is important to use dermatocosmetics for a complementary effect and to reduce side effects. Hardware and injection methods, as well as peels, are used to treat the consequences of acne. Following a diet and proper care using products to restore the skin's barrier properties are recommended." — notes dermatovenerologist Larisa Sergeevna Kruglova.
The Seracin Librederm line offers several effective products specifically designed for skin prone to pimples and acne:
Seracin Cleansing Gel. This gel gently cleanses the skin, removing impurities and excess sebum without overdrying. The gel contains sulfur, which has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as zinc, which helps regulate sebum production and reduces shine.
Seracin Deep Pore Cleansing Lotion. The lotion contains fruit AHA acids that gently exfoliate dead skin cells, help smooth out skin texture, and prevent blackheads. Provitamin B5 and plant extracts in the formula have a sebum-regulating and antibacterial effect, helping to maintain clear and healthy skin.
Seracin DUO Corrective Cream-Gel. This cream-gel is designed to reduce the appearance of acne and post-acne marks. It contains niacinamide and salicylic acid, which help fight inflammation and even out skin tone. The cream-gel also improves skin texture and serves as an excellent makeup base.