Contents:
What is a serum?
Unlike creams, serums contain a higher concentration of biologically active substances, including peptides, antioxidants, vitamins, hyaluronic acid and plant extracts. Thanks to its light texture and low molecular weight of its components, the serum is able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis, activating cellular processes at a level inaccessible to most other care products.
From a scientific point of view, serum is either an aqueous or oil emulsion with highly bioavailable active ingredients. This product not only strengthens the skin's protective barrier, but is also able to trigger repair processes, collagen synthesis, and free radical neutralization.
What is serum for?
Serum provides intensive action exactly where the skin needs it. It works purposefully, solving specific problems. This may include severe dryness, hyperpigmentation, decreased tone, wrinkles, inflammatory elements, uneven skin texture, and other manifestations. Serum can be used as an adjunct to a daily routine or as an intensive care course.
Thanks to the high concentration of active ingredients, serum activates metabolic processes, increases the effectiveness of base creams, and can correct skin condition in a short time.
For example, serum with niacinamide regulates sebum production and tightens pores, and a product with vitamin C has a pronounced antioxidant and brightening effect.Types of Serums
Serums are classified by their main active ingredients and their action. The following main types are distinguished:
| Serum Type | Active Ingredients | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Moisturizing Serums | Hyaluronic Acid, Betaine, Glycerin | Restores hydrolipid balance and improves the skin's barrier function |
| Anti-aging serums | Retinol, peptides, coenzyme Q10 | Promote collagen synthesis and improve skin elasticity |
| Brightening serums | Vitamin C, arbutin, kojic acid | Correct pigmentation and even out skin tone |
| Anti-inflammatory and sebum-regulating | Zinc, salicylic acid, niacinamide | Used for acne and oily skin |
| Antioxidant serums | Antioxidants | Protect skin cells from free radicals and reduce the effects of photoaging |
Multifunctional serums that combine several effects are also available. — for example, moisturizing and lifting.
How to use the serum correctly?
1. Cleansing — use a mild cleanser suitable for your skin type.
2. Toning — apply a toner to restore the skin's pH and prepare it for the absorption of active ingredients.
3. Applying the serum — 2-4 drops of the product will be enough for the entire face and neck. You do not need to rub it in — just gently distribute it over the surface of the skin with patting movements.
4. The final step of your skincare routine: After the serum has been completely absorbed (after 1-2 minutes), apply a moisturizer or nourishing cream.
Serums contain a high concentration of active ingredients, which is why the skin often needs time to adapt. Dermatologists recommend introducing them into your skincare routine gradually, especially if they contain acids or retinoids.
How often can you use a face serum?
The frequency of use depends on the type of serum and the sensitivity of your skin. Most moisturizing and antioxidant serums can be used daily—morning and/or evening. More active formulas, such as retinol or acid formulas, are often recommended for use 2-3 times a week to avoid irritation.
Before starting regular use, it is recommended to conduct a patch test, especially if the formula contains potentially irritating ingredients.
It is also important to observe the season: for example, retinol and AHA acids are best used in the evening care during the autumn-winter period, with the mandatory use of an SPF day cream.
Do I need to apply face cream after the serum?
Yes, you definitely do. Despite its high effectiveness, the serum cannot replace a full-fledged care, since it does not contain a sufficient amount of emollients and lipids necessary to create a protective film on the skin. The cream "seals" the serum, prevents transepidermal water loss, and helps the active ingredients work longer.
Furthermore, many serums are water-based and evaporate from the skin's surface without additional hydration. Therefore, finishing your skincare routine with a cream is a necessary step to enhance the effect and maintain skin balance.Choosing a Serum by Skin Type
Serum selection should be based on your skin type and current condition:
| Skin Type | Skincare Features | Recommended Ingredients |
|---|---|---|
| Dry Skin | Intensive Hydration | Suitable for formulas with hyaluronic acid, ceramides, and vitamin E. |
| Oily and combination skin | Sebum regulation and mattifying | Niacinamide, zinc, and salicylic acid are effective. |
| Sensitive skin | Soothing care | Aloe, panthenol, azulene, and chamomile extract are recommended. |
| Mature skin | Anti-aging care | Retinol, peptides, collagen, and coenzyme Q10 are ideal. |
| Problem skin | Acne treatment | Suitable ingredients include AHA/BHA acids, tea tree oil, and lactobacilli. |